鼠的种类与危害 Mice' varieties and their harms 　　

　　鼠害是一个很严重的世界性问题。有人之处就有老鼠，有鼠之处就有鼠害，老鼠的一举一动都可能给人类带来危害。从卫生角度看，老鼠可把三十多种疾病传播给人类，其中包括鼠疫、流行性出血、钩端螺旋体病等等危害很大的疾病。据统计，有史以来，死于鼠类传播疾病的人数，远远超过直接死于历次战争人数的总合。

　　Damage by mice is a serious global problem. Where there are humans, there are mice; where there are mice, there is damage. Anything done by a mouse may bring harm to human beings. As far as sanitation is concerned, mice spread more than 30 kinds of diseases to human, including plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, and leptospirosis. Statistics shows that ever since there was record, the number of people died of mouse-spread diseases has been far more than the total number of those died in wars. 　　

　　鼠疫：历史上我国曾有一次鼠疫大流行，病死人数超过当时总人口的四分之一。目前，鼠疫在我国已得到控制，但局部地区的鼠疫疫源地仍未根除，近年来世界上发生鼠疫的国家主要是我国的周边国家，所以威胁仍然潜在； 　　

　　Plague: A wide spreading plague once broke out in China, which killed 1/4 of its population. At present, plague has been under control, but the focus of plague in some regions has not yet been exterminated. In recent years, plagues mainly broke out in China's neighboring countries, thus potential danger still remains. 　　

　　流行性出血热：流行性出血热是一种鼠传染病，有野鼠型和家鼠型出血热之分。近年来我省出血热发病率有上升趋势，1990-2000年共发生300多例，年均发病率在0.05 /10万左右，病死率年均为5%左右； 　　

　　Epidemic hemorrhagic fever: it is a disease spread by mice and can be divided into field mice hemorrhagic fever and house mice hemorrhagic fever. In recent years, incidence of hemorrhagic fever in Guangdong province has been on the rise. There were more than 300 cases during 1990-2000, with an annual incidence of 0.05/100,000 and annual fatality rate of around 5%. 　　

　　钩端螺旋体病：该病具有多宿主性，其中与鼠类有关者占相当大的比例。该病分布广泛，几乎全世界都有本病存在或流行。1990-1998年共发生3000多例钩体病，年均发病率在0.5 /10万左右，而病死率年均为5%。 　

　　Leptospirosis: Leptospirosis has multiple hosts, but is mainly related with mice. The disease has a wide geographic distribution, almost covering the whole world. There were more than 3000 cases during 1990-1998, with an annual incidence of 0.5/100,000 and annual fatality rate of around 5%. 　　

　　鼠类是哺乳类中最繁盛的群类，数量多，适应性强，遍布全世界每个角落。老鼠属哺乳类啮齿目，据世界卫生组织资料显示，全世界约有1700多种。有家栖和野栖两类之分，常见家栖鼠主要有褐家鼠、黄胸鼠和小家鼠三种等，野栖鼠主要有黄毛鼠和板齿鼠两种等。 　　

　　Mouse belongs to rodentia of mammalian and is a mammal with most species, featuring large quantity and good adaptability. Mice almost cover every corner of the world. According to the report from WHO, there are 1700 species of mice in the whole world, which are classified into two categories, namely house mouse and field mouse. Three kinds of house mice that are commonly seen are brown house mice, yellow breast mice and small house mice. Field mice mainly include yellow hair mice and bandicota indica.

　　鼠的区分： Species of mice　

	①、褐家鼠：又称沟鼠，大家鼠，身躯粗壮，体长约25-35cm， 成鼠一般体重300-350克。其背毛呈深褐色至灰褐色，尾巴长度短于体长，尾毛较稀少，背面呈黑褐色，腹面呈灰白色， 环状鳞片明显；
Brown house mouse: Also named sewer mouse or big house mouse. Large in body size, with a length of 25-35 cm and weight of 300-350g. Dark brown in the back and grayish white in the abdomen. The tail is shorter than the body, covered by ring-shaped scales with little hair on it.

	②、黄胸鼠：体形比褐家鼠小，一般体重100-250克，体长 约14-18cm，尾长耳大，尾长超过体长。背毛黄褐色，胸部呈棕黄色。
Yellow breast mouse: smaller than brown house mouse, normally 100-250g in weight and 14-18 cm in length. It features big ears and ling tail. The tail is longer than the body. Yellowish brown in the back and brown yellow in the abdomen.

③、小家鼠：体形较小，一般体重20-25克，体长约6-10cm， 口鼻尖长。其体毛多随环境改变而变化，背毛多呈棕褐色， 腹毛为棕灰色，背腹毛无明显界线。 　　 　　Small house mouse: small in size, normally 20-25g in weight and 6-10 cm in length. It features long nose and mouth. Its hair may change color according to the environment. Brown in the back and brownish gray in the abdomen. There is no distinct boundary between the hair on the back and on the abdomen.

	④、黄毛鼠：体形中等，成鼠体重66-120克，体长约14-17cm。 背毛黄褐色，背中部色泽深而体侧较淡，腹部毛尖呈灰白色， 毛基部呈灰色。足部背面白色，尾巴褐色，上深下浅，长度和 体长相当。
Yellow hair mouse: Medium in size, normally 66-120g in weight and 14-17 cm in length. Brown in the back, deeper in the middle while lighter on the two sides. Gray in the abdomen, lighter on hair tips. The insteps are white and tail is brown, deeper in the base and lighter in the tail end, with equal length to the body.

	⑤、板齿鼠：体形较大，体长约25-30cm，体重一般为0.6-0.7kg， 最重的可达0.75kg。头小吻短，背毛黑褐色，长且硬，一般有4cm，腹毛较淡。尾粗，为黑灰色，长度相当于或短于体长。
Bandicota indica: Relatively large in size, normally 25-30 cm in length and 600-700g in weight. The large ones can weigh as much as 750g. It features small head and short proboscis. The hair on the back is in dark brown, long and rigid, about 4cm in length; the hair on the abdomen is in lighter color. The tail is thick in dark gray, shorter than or equal to its body in length.