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蚊虫的种类与危害 Species and harms of mosquitoes   

  蚊虫是世界性的有害昆虫,它除叮人吸血骚扰人类安宁外,还能给人类传播多种疾病。蚊虫传播的疾病统称为蚊媒传染病。我国蚊媒传染病有疟疾、丝虫、流行性乙型脑炎和登革热。消灭蚊虫是为了预防蚊媒传染病,保障人民身体健康,为人类创造良好的生活环境。蚊虫的防治是一门科学性很强的社会工程,必须掌握蚊虫的种群结构、生态习性和防治方法。   

  Mosquito is a global destructive hematophagous bug. It not only stings people and disturbs their peace, but also spreads numerous kinds of diseases to human. The diseases spread by mosquitoes are called mosquito-borne infectious diseases in general. In China, mosquito-borne infectious diseases include malaria, filarial, epidemic Japanese B encephalitis, and dengue fever. The purpose of wiping out mosquitoes is to prevent mosquito-borne infectious diseases, safeguard people's health and create a good living environment. As the prevention and control of mosquitoes is a scientific social campaign, we have to get familiar with their species distribution, and biological behavior as well as proper measures to control them.  

  1、蚊虫的种类及危害   

  蚊虫属于节肢动物门,昆虫纲,双翅目,长角亚目,蚊科。蚊虫是世界性的有害昆虫,目前世界上已知的蚊虫种类约3200多种,我省约有12个属100多种(亚种),在传播疾病方面比较重要的代表属有按蚊属、伊蚊属、库蚊属。蚊虫多在夜间活动,主吸人、畜血,也吸植物汁液,雄虫只吸植物汁液,不吸人血,而雌虫则吸人血。其危害主要体现在如下2类:

  Species and harms of mosquitoes  

  Mosquito belongs to Culicidae, Nemocera, Diptera, Insecta, Arthropoda. It is a global destructive bug. At present, there are more than 3200 species of mosquitoes identified in the world, among which more than 100 species of 12 genera (subspecies) are found in Guangdong Province. The typical genera that spread diseases include anopheles, aedes and culex. Mosquitoes are nocturnal insects, suck blood of human and livestock or juice of plants. Male ones only drink juice of plants while female ones suck human blood. The major two harms caused by mosquitoes are as follows:

  ①直接危害:   

  蚊虫的骚扰、吸血、叮刺等严重影响人们的休息和正常的生活,给居民的生活带来不便;致敏:蚊虫叮刺宿主时,其唾液是主要抗原,引起宿主机体(主要是皮肤)过敏即变态反应;

  Direct harm   

  Mosquitoes severely affect people's routine life and bring inconvenience through disturbance, sting, and bloodsucking; Sensitization: when a mosquito stings the host, it uses its saliva as a main antigen, which leads to allergic reaction of the host body (mainly on skin).

  ②间接危害:   

  蚊类除叮刺、骚扰人类外,主要的危害在于能传播多种传染病,如疟疾(1994、2004年大亚湾区出现多例病例)、登革热(香港、广州)、丝虫病、流行性乙型脑炎等,感染到病毒可使人致残、致死等,严重威胁到人类身体健康。   

  Indirect harm

  Apart from sting, the major harm of mosquitoes lies in the diseases they spread, including malaria (1094 and 2004 in Daya Bay District), dengue fever (Hong Kong and Guangzhou), filarial, epidemic and Japanese B encephalitis, etc, which pose a great threat to people's health. What is worse, Infection by mosquito-carried virus may lead to disability, or even death.   

  2、常见蚊种的区分    

  雄蚊喙的构造与雌蚊不同,上颚和下颚退化或几乎消失,口器不能吸血,不能刺入动物的皮肤,只能吸取植物汁液。雌蚊具有发育良好的穿刺口器,适于吸血。

  How to distinguish common mosquitoes:   

  The siphons of male and female mosquitoes are different in formation. The male mosquito's mandible and maxilla are degenerated, so its siphon is not capable of bloodsucking, while a male mosquito has a well developed piercing siphon that is fit for bloodsucking.

  ①、致乏库蚊:又称致倦库蚊,俗称家蚊,蚊体较小,深灰色,是丝虫病和乙型脑炎传播媒介之一;   

  Culex fatigans: Also named culex or home mosquito, small and deep-gray. It is one of the major medias for filarial and epidemic and Japanese B encephalitis


  ②、白纹伊蚊:俗称花斑或黑斑蚊,有白斑,胸板有一条白色纵纹,是乙型脑炎和登革热的重要媒介;   

  Aedes albopictus: Commonly referred to as black spot or color spot mosquito. There are white spots on its body and a vertical white line on the sternum. It is a major media for epidemic and Japanese B encephalitis and dengue fever.


  ③、中华按蚊:翅有黑斑和白斑,触须与喙等长,触须上有黑白鳞片相间形成环,体深灰色,静止时尾部上翘,与停留面成角度。是传播疟疾和斑氏丝虫病的媒介之一;   

  Anopheles sinensis: Body in deep-gray, with black or white spots on the wings. The palpi and siphon are of equal length, and a palpus is made up of ring-shaped black and white scales; When stationary, its rear tilts upward ,forming an angle with the staionary part. It is the one of the major medias for malaria and filariasis bancrofti.