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蟑螂的种类与危害 Categories of black beetles and their dangers   

  蟑螂又名蜚蠊,属昆虫纲蜚蠊目。目前已知有5000余种,分家栖和野栖两类。主要危害种群有美洲大蠊、澳洲大蠊、褐班大蠊、德国小蠊、以美洲大蠊为优势种。蟑螂对人类的健康影响很大,它能携带四十多种使人类致病的病毒、细菌,主要的有鼠疫杆菌、霍乱弧菌、志贺氏杆菌、沙门氏菌、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌等疾病。此外,蟑螂还污染商品、工业品、食物等。     

  Cockroach is also called dictyoptera and belongs to blattaria of insecta. Up to now, 5000 species have been discovered, including house cockroaches and house cockroaches. The harmful species are mainly periplaneta Americana, periplaneta Australasiae, speckle periplaneta and blattella Germanica. Among which, periplaneta Americana is a dominant species. Cockroach does great harm to people's health. It carries more than 40 kinds of virus and bacteria, mainly including bacillus pestis, comma bacillus, salmonella, bacillus pyocyaneus, staphylococcus aureus and pneumococcus, etc. Besides, cockroach also pollutes commodities, industrial products and food, etc.   

  蟑螂的危害可概括为如下2类: There are two kinds of harms brought by cockroach:   

  ①直接危害   

  a.骚扰:骚扰人们睡眠和休息,特别是它还主动侵袭婴幼儿,导致咬伤或引起过敏、搔痒等;

  Direct harm   

  Disturbance: It disturbs people's sleep and rest. In addition, it attacks infants and a bite may lead to allergy or itch   

  b.损害物品:咬烂食物、物品,侵入电脑引起电脑 故障或通信事故;   

  It destroys articles and food, or causes computer breakdown or communication interruption.  

  c.引起人们皮肤与呼吸系统的变态反应,蟑螂分泌物可引起和加重超敏体质病人的哮喘。   

  It causes skin allergy and abnormal reaction of respiratory system .Its excrement may also cause and/or worsen asthma of the patients with hypersensitive constitution.   

  ②间接危害   

  蟑螂能携带多种细菌、病毒、原虫、寄生虫卵、真菌等病原微生物。一般认为病原体不会在其体内繁殖,它主要是机械传播媒介。但由于蟑螂的侵害面广、食性杂,隐蔽性强,且常接触医疗器械、食品生产加工器械、食品等,所以它引起疾病传播流行的危险性不容忽视。

  Indirect harm  

  Cockroach carries a variety of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, protozoon, parasitic ovum and fungi, etc. In normal conditions, pathogens will not reproduce themselves in the body of cockroach, thus it is mainly a mechanical spreading media. But due to its extensive harm, omnivorous habit and skilful hiding ability, as well as its frequent touch with medical equipment, food, and food processing equipment, we should not overlook the danger of possible epidemic diseases caused by it!

  美洲大蠊:是室内最大的蟑螂,体长25-40毫米,雌虫与雄虫大概等大,雌虫较粗壮,体呈红褐色有黄色边缘,前胸背板有一褐色碟状斑,斑的中线有一小尾向后延伸,中线前方有一“T”形黄色条纹,成虫翅发达,雄虫的超出腹端;   

  Periplaneta Americana:The largest in-house cockroach with body length of 25-40mm. The male ones and female ones are about the same size, but the latter look fatter. Body in brownish red, with yellow brim. There is a brown disk-shaped spot on the front back and the central line of the spot extends to the rear, with a T-shaped yellow stripe at the front end of the central line. The imago has strong wings and the female's wings go beyond the end of the abdomen.


  澳洲大蠊:体型比美洲大蠊略小,体呈褐色;前胸背板与美洲大蠊相似,也有黄色边缘,但碟状斑中线无小尾,前缘无“T”形黄色条纹,翅两侧上角边缘有黄色斑纹;

  Periplaneta Australasiae:Body in brown. Smaller than periplaneta Americana. It has a similar front back to that of Periplaneta Australasiae, with the same yellow-colored brim, but the central line of the disk-shaped spot is not extended. There is not a T-shaped yellow stripe at the front end of the middle line. Yellows stripes can be seen on the upper corner brim of the two wings


  褐斑大蠊:体型也较美洲大蠊小,成虫棕褐色;前胸背板中央可略见赤褐色锚状斑;翅发达,伸延至腹端。褐斑大蠊与美洲大蠊的主要区别是前胸背板和尾须形状,尾须前者短而未端钝,后者较长而未端细;肛上板,前者短小,后者长大,中央有一深凹口;   

  Neostylopyga rhombifolia:Smaller than periplaneta Americana and body in brown; there are anchor-shaped spots on the center of front back. The imago has fully-developed strong wings extending to the end of the abdomen. The major difference between speckle periplaneta and Periplaneta Americana lies in their front back and the shape of circus. The circus of the former is short and blunt-ended while that of the latter is the opposite; the former's epiproct, is short and small, and the latter long and big, with a deep notch in the center


  德国小蠊:是室内蟑螂中体型最小的一种,体长约10-15毫米,茶褐体色,前胸背板有2条平等的黑褐色条纹,翅发达。   

  Blattella Germanica:The smallest in-house cockroach, with a length of 10-15mm. Body in brown. There are two parallel brown stripes on the front back. The imago has strong wings

  蟑螂雌雄的区分:雄虫体形比较瘦小,细长,翅发达至尾端,具有腹刺;雌虫翅较短,无腹刺。   

  How to distinguish male and female cockroaches: Male cockroach is relatively thinner but longer, with a ventral spine and fully developed wings reaching the rear; Female has shorter wings and no ventral spine.

 

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